Development projects in Nepal

<p>Water, land, energy, forests and biodiversity&nbsp;are highly interconnected and critical to nutrition, health and food security (Impact Area, IA1), poverty reduction, livelihoods and jobs (IA2),&nbsp;gender equality, youth and social inclusion (IA3), climate adaptation and mitigation (IA4), and environmental health and biodiversity (IA5) at multiple scales through multiple pathways.<span style="background-color: inherit;">i</span>,<span style="background-color: inherit;">ii</span>,<span style="background-color: inherit;">iii</span>&nbsp;Similarly, the SDGs are systemic, with interdependencies across goals mediated by water, energy, food and ecosystems.<span style="background-color: inherit;">iv</span>&nbsp;</p><p>However, governments,&nbsp;stakeholders&nbsp;and investors struggle to manage systems change in the water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus and ensure changes are robust under climate change.&nbsp;NEXUS Gains&nbsp;addresses the challenge of optimizing trade-offs and building synergies to support SDG achievement through transformations in food,&nbsp;land&nbsp;and water systems nexus.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>The transboundary nature of basins&nbsp;makes integrated and sustainable management of water, energy,&nbsp;food&nbsp;and&nbsp;ecosystems challenging&nbsp;(Figure 1; WEFE; note for ecosystems the particular focus on forests and biodiversity). Systems thinking helps avoid unintended consequences that would jeopardize sustainability and possibly exacerbate conflict. Good governance across boundaries and sectors requires strong institutions and actors willing to overcome silos and adopt new tools to support nexus approaches.<span style="background-color: inherit;">v</span>,<span style="background-color: inherit;">vi</span>,<span style="background-color: inherit;">vii</span>,<span style="background-color: inherit;">viii</span>&nbsp;</p><p>Governments, investors and local communities are uncertain about where or how best to maintain, restore and improve ecosystems and biodiversity, regenerate agriculture, and support sustainable irrigation, clean energy, and agro-processing needs.<span style="background-color: inherit;">ix</span>&nbsp;Investments are often not coordinated. For instance, investments in water or energy remain&nbsp;often&nbsp;disconnected from policy goals of healthy diets,<span style="background-color: inherit;">x</span> re/afforestation often neglect ecosystem&nbsp;services across scales and socioeconomic development pathways.&nbsp;Women,&nbsp;youth&nbsp;and other vulnerable groups continue to bear the brunt of poorly developed WEFE systems.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xi</span>&nbsp;They struggle to access information, technology and needed skills<span style="background-color: inherit;">xii</span> and are under-represented in leadership and decision-making - a lost opportunity in terms of their contributions toward sustainable and inclusive development pathways.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>South Asia’s breadbasket basins&nbsp;</strong>Ganges and Indus (focus: India, Nepal and Pakistan) are increasingly challenged by ground and surface water abstractions (among the most unsustainable in the world), climate change (among the most vulnerable countries), deforestation, drastic pollution, severe ecosystem degradation and biodiversity<span style="background-color: inherit;">xiii</span>&nbsp;and poor policies, putting 7% of the world’s food production at risk, with potentially devastating impacts on the wellbeing, health and livelihoods of an estimated 1 billion people.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xiv</span>&nbsp;Governments are calling for scaling sustainable and inclusive on-farm water management practices for improved livelihoods and nutrition, and jobs; renewable energy as a priority intervention; nutrition and gender equality in access to safe water for multiple uses are systemic challenges. However, policies are incoherent,&nbsp;fragmented&nbsp;and inefficient.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>In the</strong> <strong>Blue Nile basin </strong>(Ethiopia and Sudan) a rapidly growing population faces increasing food and nutrition insecurity from climate change, demographic change, severe ecosystem degradation and low productivity,<span style="background-color: inherit;">xv</span>&nbsp;lack of irrigation, and energy access. Transboundary conflicts over nexus resources are intense (e.g., GERD)<span style="background-color: inherit;">xvi</span>&nbsp;and growing with development and climatic change.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Aral Sea Basin&nbsp;</strong>needs are similar, where glacial retreat, reliance on fossil fuels, and the depletion of the Aral Sea and other hydrological and ecological changes are aggravated by transboundary water conflicts, jeopardizing the region’s future.&nbsp;</p><p>All focal basins are global hotspots for multi-sector risks based on anticipated stresses from climate change and development paths for the water and energy sectors, crop yields and habitat degradation.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xvii</span>&nbsp;These challenges are surmountable if water, energy,&nbsp;food&nbsp;and ecosystems are managed with an integrated approach.&nbsp;</p><p><span style="color: rgb(60, 64, 67);">&nbsp;</span><strong style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Implementing&nbsp;NEXUS Gains&nbsp;Systems Approach at Basin Scale</strong>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">NEXUS gains&nbsp;examines&nbsp;WEFE systems in transboundary basins of significant international relevance. Upstream/downstream interdependencies will be quantified, and the complexity of intersecting sub-national boundaries for policymaking and management of WEFE resources addressed by building on existing institutional strengths. Dependencies of interventions from farm to watershed to river basin scales will be analyzed to support social equity, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability across scales,&nbsp;sectors&nbsp;and other divides with a focus on gender, age, income and ethnicity.&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</p><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Nexus approach is multicentric, not water centric like integrated water resources management. It aims to connect systems to optimize equitable economic and social welfare and environmental sustainability. Therefore, it considers a broad range of actors and stakeholders to overcome disciplinary and administrative silos. It requires a polycentric and multi-level governance framework, which makes co-development and implementation of nexus solutions challenging as it is interwoven with a complex political economy.</span>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">NEXUS Gains&nbsp;focuses on river basins that combine landscape elements and ecological regions connected by water flows. Water balance parameters as a basis for resource management can be quantified for basins. Natural and anthropogenic characteristics determine responses such as floods and droughts, soil surface and groundwater recharge, changes in water level, wetlands,&nbsp;reservoirs&nbsp;and nutrient and pollution fluxes. Digital models help us&nbsp;understand and quantify system interdependencies and predict future conditions in a changing climate under evolving environmental and societal changes (e.g., water availability for food systems, energy production, forests and other land uses, and Aquatic terrestrial ecosystems).</span>&nbsp;</p>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jan 1, 2022 → Dec 31, 2024

Coverage

Nepal

<p class="ql-align-justify">Our food system is unsustainable. In 2020, between 720 and 811 million people faced <a href="https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/cb4474en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">hunger</a>, while one-third of food goes to <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/i2697e/i2697e.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">waste</a>. To realize the transformative potential of digital technologies in shifting food-land-water systems toward climate resilience and sustainability, we identified three challenge areas that CGIAR’s multidisciplinary expertise could help address.&nbsp;</p><ol><li class="ql-align-justify"><strong>The digital divide:</strong>&nbsp;The potential of digital technologies is clear, yet their reach is not universal. The Global South – and especially women and rural areas – are underserved by digital technologies&nbsp;and infrastructure. More than 600 million people still live outside of <a href="https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/The-State-of-Mobile-Internet-Connectivity-Report-2021.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">mobile network coverage</a>, 67%&nbsp;of whom are from Sub-Saharan Africa. Fewer than 40% of <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-00631-0" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">small farms</a> are covered by mobile internet, and only 13% of small farmers in <a href="https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/101498" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Sub-Saharan Africa</a> have ever accessed a digital service. Across low- and middle-income countries, <a href="https://www.gsma.com/r/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/The-Mobile-Gender-Gap-Report-2021.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">women</a> are 15% less likely than men to use mobile internet. <a href="https://www.uneca.org/?q=fr/node/4024#:~:text=The%20State%20of%20Climate%20in%20Africa%20Report%202020%20anticipates%20longer,rate%20than%20the%20global%20average." rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Africa</a> has only-one eighth of the minimum density of weather stations recommended to issue timely early warnings. The cost of deploying and maintaining <a href="https://www.gsma.com/r/somic/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">rural infrastructure</a> can be two to five times the cost in an urban area, with 10 times less revenue generated. Enabling policies and investments are urgently needed, yet policy makers and investors do not always agree on priorities to address the digital divide.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><li class="ql-align-justify"><strong>Inadequate information:</strong>&nbsp;Real-time monitoring of food-land-water systems is possible at a lower cost and a higher accuracy than ever before using <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC-141f720bcb" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">digital technologies</a>, yet decision-makers lack access to timely, reliable, and actionable information across the <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2021" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Global South</a>. Weak information systems waste <a href="https://publications.iadb.org/en/value-official-statistics-lessons-intergovernmental-transfers" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">budget</a>, exacerbate <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.20151293" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">poverty</a>, and slow <a href="https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151293" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">economic growth</a>. More than 300 million small-scale producers lack access to <a href="https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/108489/Actions%20to%20Transform%20Food%20Systems%20Under%20Climate%20Change.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">digital climate advisory services</a>, and unmanaged risks hinder producers’ adoption of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.05.010" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">improved technologies</a>.<a href="https://www.fao.org/3/i6583e/i6583e.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> Existing knowledge</a> is often outdated and difficult to apply in practice. Public, private, and civil society actors are insufficiently coordinated to develop win-win digital solutions leveraging <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2021" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">data and technologies</a>. Siloed data do not support evidence-based policy responses that synergistically manage systems-level issues and risks such as price hikes, pest infestations, floods, and droughts.&nbsp;</li><li class="ql-align-justify"><strong>Limited digital capabilities:</strong>&nbsp;Any technological investments should be supplemented by digital capability initiatives that invest in the “soft” infrastructure to foster the <a href="https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/959181623060169420/pdf/A-Global-Study-on-Digital-Capabilities.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">digital ecosystem</a> and build <a href="https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/113555" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">forward-looking skills</a>. Digital literacy and skills levels across the Global South remain <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/ca4887en/ca4887en.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">low</a>, particularly for the most marginalized and food-insecure individuals and communities, such as women. Social norms in many cultural contexts determine <a href="https://www.cgap.org/blog/digital-gender-divide-wont-close-itself-heres-why#:~:text=While%20there%20is%20often%20an,among%20other%20factors%2C%20gendered%20social" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">women’s </a>access to and use of technology, including mobile phones. Promising pilots of decision-support tools exist, yet research, codesign, and capacity strengthening are needed to channel new evidence to decision-makers, tailor digital advisory content, and serve food-water-land systems stakeholders in their risk management decisions.&nbsp;</li></ol>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Apr 1, 2022 → Mar 31, 2025

Coverage

Nepal

<p>&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Two generations ago, the challenge facing agriculture was daunting but clear: the world needed to rapidly increase staple food production to meet rising demand. That&nbsp;challenge&nbsp;was&nbsp;largely&nbsp;met but new ones arose, and today the challenges facing food, land and water systems are more numerous and complex: over 700 million people still live in absolute poverty, millions&nbsp;more&nbsp;young people&nbsp;seek jobs&nbsp;every year;&nbsp;nearly&nbsp;2 billion people&nbsp;suffer from moderate or severe food insecurity,&nbsp;while 4 in 10&nbsp;adults globally are&nbsp;overweight or obese; gender gaps persist; natural resources are under stress;&nbsp;and&nbsp;water resources are polluted&nbsp;and depleted&nbsp;(<a href="https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/24797GSDR_report_2019.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(225, 227, 230);">Messerly&nbsp;et al&nbsp;2019</a>;&nbsp;<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Mahler et al 2021</a>;&nbsp;<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">FAO&nbsp;et al&nbsp;2021</a>;&nbsp;<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">UNEP&nbsp;2012</a>;&nbsp;<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Our World in Data 2021</a>).&nbsp;Climate change&nbsp;compounds&nbsp;all&nbsp;these challenges, increases uncertainty, and means that we can no longer rely on historical experience to guide decision-making (<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">IPCC&nbsp;2021</a>).&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Addressing these interlinked challenges&nbsp;requires transformation of food, land, and water systems.&nbsp;Transformation means moving from our current state to a fundamentally different state in the future, but what&nbsp;is that desired future state, and what actions are needed to get there? Synergies between impacts are possible, for example between poverty reduction, improved nutrition, and&nbsp;increased equity.&nbsp;But trade-offs between policies and investments to achieve these impacts are often unavoidable, given limited resources and disparate decision-making domains, and the choices facing national governments and their development partners have become increasingly complicated&nbsp;(<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Hasegawa et al 2018</a>;&nbsp;<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Balié&nbsp;2020</a>).&nbsp;What is the appropriate balance between self-reliance and global integration,&nbsp;for example,&nbsp;or&nbsp;between immediate welfare gains and long-term sustainability?&nbsp;Decision-makers at global and national levels have expressed their need for better evidence on the&nbsp;questions and&nbsp;challenges they face, which courses of action should be undertaken, and which policies and investments might minimize trade-offs and achieve collective goals (<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/ejb2p52qrun9qrj/Country%20consultation%20on%20Foresight%20and%20Metrics%2025-Aug-2021.pdf?dl=0" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">see country stakeholder consultations</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/hz3mw8gylzh8zu9/Regional%20consultation%20on%20Foresight%20and%20Metrics%2027-Oct-2021.pdf?dl=0" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">regional&nbsp;stakeholder consultations</a>).&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">These difficult questions&nbsp;highlight&nbsp;the&nbsp;need for cross-cutting capacity to understand system-level interactions and outcomes –&nbsp;across multiple spatial and political scales&nbsp;(from sub-national to global), across multiple time periods&nbsp;(from the next year to the next generation), and across multiple thematic and decision-making domains. A growing body of analysis is exploring future challenges and options to address them, but very often these studies are focused on individual commodities, challenges, locations, or time horizons, and&nbsp;thus&nbsp;miss important interlinkages. Integrated analytical approaches increasingly bring multiple domains together over longer time horizons, but these are typically focused on broad global and regional scales, with insufficient attention to the diverse concerns and needs of low- and middle-income countries&nbsp;(<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Willet et al 2019</a>;&nbsp;<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Springmann&nbsp;et al 2018</a>;&nbsp;<a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Van Zeist et al 2020</a>).&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Building on these methodological advances and combining them with multi-disciplinary scientific expertise and close engagement with decisionmakers offers&nbsp;major opportunities for improvement. Innovative use of data, state-of-the-art analytics, and deep and ongoing dialogue with national,&nbsp;regional&nbsp;and global partners&nbsp;–&nbsp;with particular focus on poor and vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries&nbsp;–&nbsp;offer better insights into alternative transformation pathways that can inform choices and sharpen decision-making today.&nbsp;This is what the Foresight and Metrics&nbsp;Initiative seeks to provide.&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Apr 1, 2022 → Mar 31, 2025

Coverage

Nepal

<p class="ql-align-justify">Home to one-quarter of humanity — one-fifth of whom are youth – South Asia has the world’s largest concentration of poverty and malnutrition.^[i] The Green Revolution positioned South Asia to produce one-quarter of the world's consumed food,<strong> </strong>but<strong> the region’s agrifood systems today face formidable poverty reduction, climate change adaptation and mitigation, environmental health and biodiversity challenges. Significant hurdles remain to securing an adequate and affordable supply of diverse foods necessary for sustainable healthy diets (SHDs)</strong>.^[ii] Social, economic, and geographic inequalities create barriers from production to consumption, disproportionately affecting the poor.[iii] Unhealthy food consumption is rising, with many nutritious foods too costly for the poor.^[iv]</p><p class="ql-align-justify">South Asia’s predominantly rice-based farming systems span the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP).^[v] While crucial to food security and political and economic stability<strong>,</strong>^{<strong>[vi]</strong>}<strong> </strong><strong style="color: black;">parts of the IGP are threatened by unsustainable groundwater withdrawal</strong><span style="color: black;"> — the region extracts one-quarter of global groundwater — due to food and energy policy distortions.</span>^[vii] <strong>Natural resource degradation, low resource use efficiency, and agriculturally-based nonpoint</strong> <strong>source air pollution undermine sustainability and human health</strong>.^[viii] South Asia’s farmers are both contributors to and victims of <strong>climate change and extreme weather.</strong>^[ix] In association with off-farm employment opportunities, these issues contribute to <strong>rural out-migration </strong>— particularly of youth — resulting in rising labor scarcity and increased production costs. This in turn <strong>disproportionately affects resource-poor and women farmers</strong>.^[x] Outside of the highly-productive ‘breadbasket’ of the western IGP, many farmers suffer from weak markets, poor access to extension, limited access to irrigation, and insufficient policy support.^[xi] These issues contribute to nearly<strong> 22 million hectares being fallowed </strong>across South Asia following the harvest of the monsoon-season rice crop,^[xii]&nbsp;indicative of a significant missed opportunity sustainable intensification and diversified farm production. </p><p class="ql-align-justify">Many of South Asia’s agricultural policies and the research systems supporting them focus primarily on the production and related value chains of single crops in isolation, with less emphasis on developing an evidence base around the <strong>multisectoral farm, market, and policy interventions</strong> needed to sustainably intensify and diversify farming systems equitably without overstepping environmental boundaries.^[xiii] Although agriculturally-focused nutrition interventions are frequently proposed to improve diets in rural communities, causal linkages between farm production and nutrition are not always direct, underscoring the <strong>need for integrated approaches considering household food production alongside market purchase</strong>.^[xiv] In addition, <strong>poor nutrition awareness</strong> among rural households, low affordability of nutritious diets and <strong>limitations to women’s empowerment</strong> interact to prevent progress.^[xv]</p><p class="ql-align-justify">These obstacles must be overcome through<strong> coordinated efforts to transform agrifood systems in ways that ensure that people can equitably access and consume healthy diets produced within environmental boundaries, while also securing livelihoods</strong> and reducing poverty.^[xvi] <strong>Food systems are urgently needed that generate profits and incentivize farmers to produce nutritious foods, while also reducing prices for consumers purchasing healthy products by shortening and reducing inefficiencies within value chains</strong>.^[xvii] These objectives — which are also governmental and donor priorities in Bangladesh, Nepal, India, and Pakistan — require <strong>coordinated research and action across the public and private sector</strong>.^[xviii] In response, TAFSSA will partner across sectors to generate <strong>actionable evidence spanning the production-to-consumption continuum</strong>. TAFSSA <strong>will also amplify the effects of other CGIAR Initiatives</strong> working in South Asia to <strong>achieve productive, environmentally sound agrifood systems that support equitable access to SHDs</strong>. <span style="color: black;">(</span><em style="color: black;">Additional references and supporting evidence can be found online in </em><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/gje6of3nsrax06q/ANNEX%202.1.pdf?dl=0" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><em>Annex 2.1</em></a><span style="color: black;">)</span></p>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jan 1, 2022 → Dec 31, 2024

Coverage

Nepal

<p class="ql-align-justify">This&nbsp;Initiative addresses the&nbsp;<a href="https://cgiar-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/performanceandresult_cgiar_org/EZK1Mrs-xcFDoSsihDRenLUBmJIqamygaqJebCZpLJMRmg" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Sustainable intensification</a>&nbsp;(SI) of&nbsp;<a href="https://cgiar-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/performanceandresult_cgiar_org/EZK1Mrs-xcFDoSsihDRenLUBmJIqamygaqJebCZpLJMRmg" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">Mixed farming systems</a>&nbsp;(MFS). By SI, we mean&nbsp;the production of more food on the same piece of land while reducing the negative environmental impact.&nbsp;MFS&nbsp;cover&nbsp;about 2.5&nbsp;billion&nbsp;ha of land globally<span style="background-color: inherit;">i</span>. In the developing world, MFS supply around 75% of milk, 60% of meat,&nbsp;and 41–86% of cereals consumed<span style="background-color: inherit;">ii</span>. These&nbsp;<a href="https://cgiar-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/performanceandresult_cgiar_org/EZK1Mrs-xcFDoSsihDRenLUBmJIqamygaqJebCZpLJMRmg" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">farming systems</a>&nbsp;occur in nearly all&nbsp;agro-ecological zones, with an enormous variety of climatic and soil conditions<span style="background-color: inherit;">iii</span>&nbsp;and livelihood patterns<span style="background-color: inherit;">iv</span>.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">In MFS, livestock provides draft power for crop cultivation and manure to fertilize the soil, while crop residues provide livestock feed. Livestock is sold to compensate for low crop yields in unfavorable years. Mixed systems allow farmers to diversify risk from single crop production, use labor efficiently, access cash, and add value to products. Integrating crops and livestock has the potential to maintain ecosystem function and health, and to help prevent agricultural systems from becoming fragile by enhancing biodiversity and thus increasing capability to absorb shocks to the natural resource base<span style="background-color: inherit;">v</span>.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Population growth, urbanization, water scarcity, soil degradation, climate change, evolving food consumption patterns, and food price volatility are pressures that act on these systems<span style="background-color: inherit;">vi</span>, deepening inequalities in resource access,&nbsp;and&nbsp;leading&nbsp;to conflict and migration<span style="background-color: inherit;">vii</span>. Social inequalities are a persistent feature of&nbsp;agrifood&nbsp;systems including MFS. They relate to deeply entrenched inequitable norms that produce unfavorable outcomes—&nbsp;primarily for women, youth, and marginalized actors—&nbsp;and obstruct progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)<span style="background-color: inherit;">viii</span>.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Farmers’&nbsp;local experience and knowledge&nbsp;enable them&nbsp;to adapt to many challenges. However, the increasing speed at which many changes are happening will likely exceed their capacity<span style="background-color: inherit;">ix</span>.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">The challenges can be mitigated through SI, which responds to the need to both feed growing populations and counteract environmental degradation<span style="background-color: inherit;">x</span>. Sustainable intensification requires integrated systems research to identify context-specific pathways towards resilient, scalable MFS that preserve natural capital, offer equitable benefits for all, and attract young people to venture into profitable agribusinesses. The components of MFS interact both with each other and with the external environment, including climate and landscape<span style="background-color: inherit;">xi</span>. However, there are knowledge gaps on the biophysical and socio-economic interactions and dynamics<span style="background-color: inherit;">xii</span>, which can undermine many development-oriented interventions aiming at driving MFS towards SI.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">A predominantly commodity and biophysical research approach has been leading to improvements in single system components, but frequently amplifies the&nbsp;<a href="https://cgiar-my.sharepoint.com/:w:/g/personal/performanceandresult_cgiar_org/EZK1Mrs-xcFDoSsihDRenLUBmJIqamygaqJebCZpLJMRmg" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">trade-offs</a>&nbsp;between different livelihood objectives if the interactions between crop, tree, livestock, and social sub-systems are not properly addressed at the appropriate spatial and temporal scales. This has affected the capacity to scale many of the technologies and practices promoted by CGIAR and partners in landscapes dominated by MFS.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Current research to support SI&nbsp;of&nbsp;MFS is often disconnected, falling short of the effectiveness and scale needed to achieve important global targets such as the SDGs. Also, attention to how SI may (re-)produce inequalities has remained low<span style="background-color: inherit;">xiii</span>. For One CGIAR to make significant contributions that result in multiple desired impacts at sufficiently large scales will require well-coordinated, prioritized,&nbsp;and focused efforts that strategically integrate multiple elements of the sub-systems in MFS. SI&nbsp;of MFS provides a viable avenue to achieve this.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Apr 1, 2022 → Mar 31, 2025

Coverage

Nepal

<p>ransformation to a more sustainable and equitable livestock sector in Africa and Asia can secure and enhance the critical role livestock plays to support and improve livelihoods.&nbsp;Livestock is a fast growing, high value agriculture subsector, accounting for 15-80% of&nbsp;agricultural GDP in&nbsp;low and middle-income countries. In Africa and Asia, demand for livestock products is expected to&nbsp;grow 200-300% by 2030 depending on the region and commodity. This provides an opportunity for hundreds of millions of&nbsp;small- to medium-scale livestock&nbsp;producers&nbsp;who can meet the demand&nbsp;and provide nutrient dense foods for their families, countries, and regions.<span style="background-color: inherit;">i</span>&nbsp;The African Development Bank echoes other development leaders<span style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193); background-color: inherit;">ii</span><a href="about:blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: inherit;">﷟HYPERLINK "file:///C:\Users\KMarshall\OneDrive%20-%20CGIAR\Documents\2021%20Various\CGIAR%20Initiative%20on%20'Sustainably%20improving%20livestock%20productivity%20for%20improved%20livelihoods\Proposal%20on%20new%20template\SAPLING%20proposal%20Working%20Doc%20Sept%2028%20submission%20cleaned%20version%20%20KM%202.59%20pm.docx#a"</a>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">iii</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">iv</span>&nbsp;in highlighting now as the time to “reposition livestock as a business activity with the potential to significantly improve food and nutrition security and drive inclusive [economic] growth.…”&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">v</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Failing to capitalize on this opportunity and meet demand could lead to a shortfall in livestock-derived foods (LDFs),&nbsp;which are a unique source of high-quality proteins and bioavailable essential&nbsp;micronutrients. Relatively small amounts of LDFs can substantially increase the nutrient adequacy of diets.<span style="background-color: inherit;">vi</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">vii</span>&nbsp;But malnutrition remains high in livestock dependent communities.<span style="background-color: inherit;">viii</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>This is in part because productivity is low; annual milk yield of a cow in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia is 6% and 12%, respectively, of a cow in an OECD country. Within production system yield gaps are high for all species.<span style="background-color: inherit;">ix</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;In Ethiopia, for example, there is a 20% yield gap for sheep from genetics alone.<span style="background-color: inherit;">x</span>&nbsp;Widespread constraints to achieving sustainable productivity&nbsp;include:&nbsp;non-optimal use of livestock genetic potential; lack of optimal adaptive and productive livestock genetics; lack of resilient, resource efficient feeds and forages available year-round in sufficient quantity and quality; poor animal health management and husbandry; and a combination of insufficient and underutilized animal health technologies.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xi</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xii</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xiii</span>&nbsp;These combine to increase pressure on natural resources and GHG emissions intensities.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xiv</span>&nbsp;At the same time, value chain governance structures prevent producers from fully benefiting from markets, investing in sustainable productivity and commercializing their farms.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xv</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Failure to address constraints to livestock productivity and the growing risks from climate change<span style="background-color: inherit;">xvi</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xvii</span><span style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">&nbsp;</span>and other shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic<span style="background-color: inherit;">xviii</span>&nbsp;can limit productivity gains while putting sustainability at risk. Increasing yields can contribute to lowering emissions intensities while enhancing livelihoods.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xix</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xx</span>&nbsp;But research is needed to better understand trade-offs between productivity, environmental&nbsp;impacts&nbsp;and livelihood outcomes.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxi</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxii</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Women, who often look after livestock, have limited control over resources and decisions.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxiii</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxiv</span>&nbsp;Youth, who supplement household&nbsp;labor&nbsp;are marginalized from income-generation opportunities and assets.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxv</span> Research is needed to identify livestock development solutions that achieve equitable access and benefits.&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Advances&nbsp;in improved forages, animal breeding, herd health, and markets have demonstrated sustainable gains in on-farm productivity<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxvi</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxvii</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxviii</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxix</span>&nbsp;but need to reach impact at scale.&nbsp;Bundling combinations of new and scale-ready technical innovations with the right institutional arrangements and policy support has the potential to increase sustainable productivity.<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxx</span>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xxxi</span>&nbsp;But deep and early engagement with stakeholders in iterative co-design approaches is needed to increase impact and accelerate scaling. SAPLING will engage stakeholders to generate&nbsp;evidence on innovation packages that&nbsp;support livestock producers, including women and youth, to transition to sustainable, resilient livelihoods and productive enterprises.&nbsp;This is expected&nbsp;to catalyse investment by public and private sectors and enable a supportive policy environment, enhancing scale potential.<span style="background-color: rgb(225, 227, 230);">30</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jan 1, 2022 → Dec 31, 2024

Coverage

Nepal

<p class="ql-align-justify"><strong>Smallholder farming</strong>&nbsp;represents over 80% of the&nbsp;world’s&nbsp;farms and produces around 50% of&nbsp;its&nbsp;food supply&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">i</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">ii</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">iii</span>.&nbsp;These farming systems are&nbsp;often&nbsp;characterized by degraded soils and/or scarce nutrients and water, low and stagnating crop yields and&nbsp;reduced&nbsp;product quality and profitability&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">iv</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">v</span>, exacerbated by climate change, low resource use efficiencies, declining soil health&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">vi</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">vii</span>, and gender inequalities&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">viii</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">ix</span>, all related to the CGIAR Impact Areas.&nbsp;Smallholder farmers&nbsp;seasonally&nbsp;make critical agronomic decisions regarding&nbsp;crop choice, planting dates,&nbsp;and&nbsp;pest,&nbsp;disease, weed, soil fertility and water&nbsp;management, often based on subpar practices and information.&nbsp;The&nbsp;Excellence&nbsp;in&nbsp;Agronomy&nbsp;(EiA)&nbsp;initiative&nbsp;focuses&nbsp;upon improving&nbsp;the&nbsp;ability&nbsp;of men and women&nbsp;farmers&nbsp;to make&nbsp;appropriate decisions and&nbsp;apply&nbsp;new,&nbsp;climate-adaptive, and gender- and youth-responsive&nbsp;solutions.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify"><strong>Traditional agronomic research</strong>&nbsp;increases&nbsp;knowledge&nbsp;through&nbsp;experiments&nbsp;that&nbsp;enhance&nbsp;our understanding of basic processes, but&nbsp;with limited&nbsp;connection to stakeholder demand and often based on outdated approaches.&nbsp;The development, deployment, and uptake of interventions&nbsp;also&nbsp;remains&nbsp;hampered by social, economic and institutional constraints, further confounded by adherence to conventional supply-driven&nbsp;scaling strategies&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">x</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xi</span>.&nbsp;As such, realization of genetic&nbsp;gains&nbsp;is&nbsp;also&nbsp;hindered by suboptimal agronomic&nbsp;practices&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xii</span>.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">In response,&nbsp;EiA&nbsp;<strong>research objectives</strong>&nbsp;are&nbsp;(i) To determine how agronomy research and development (R&D) can leverage advances in diagnostics, data science, geospatial analysis, remote sensing, and behavioral sciences to develop widely applicable and locally-relevant gender- and youth-responsive solutions at scale and&nbsp;(ii) To assess the effectiveness of the Use Case model, constructed around actual demand for agronomic solutions, and implemented through a co-creation process with demand partners, the science community, and other service providers&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Appropriate application of&nbsp;diagnostic approaches, modern agronomic and spatial data science methods, and&nbsp;new&nbsp;digital&nbsp;approaches can&nbsp;amplify agronomic advances&nbsp;and&nbsp;accelerate impact at scale through better-targeted, site-specific advisories.&nbsp;However, there is also&nbsp;need for systematic research to understand how farmers can&nbsp;better&nbsp;use these tools, backed by targeted field research to improve crop yields, profitability and quality, resource use efficiency and soil health – and make agile decisions to minimize climate-related risks.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">EiA&nbsp;offers a new model and research culture,&nbsp;seizing&nbsp;these opportunities&nbsp;to deliver agronomic gain at scale&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xiii</span>&nbsp;by facilitating efficiencies through globalized networking&nbsp;and&nbsp;aligning&nbsp;R&D priorities&nbsp;with&nbsp;demands from scaling partners&nbsp;through context-specific Use Cases. It utilizes&nbsp;standardized&nbsp;analytics and decision support approaches in partnership with&nbsp;non-CGIAR&nbsp;Advanced Research Institutes&nbsp;(ARIs)&nbsp;and builds&nbsp;on Use Cases involving multi-actor partnerships.&nbsp;EiA’s&nbsp;priority research themes&nbsp;are: (i) Sustaining soil productivity and ecosystem services;&nbsp;(ii)&nbsp;Climate change adaptation; (iii) Precision cropping system management;&nbsp;and&nbsp;(iv) Perennial&nbsp;crops for livelihoods and conservation. This vision is drawn from experience gained from&nbsp;CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) and&nbsp;projects including&nbsp;ACAI<span style="background-color: inherit;">1</span>,&nbsp;AfricaRISING,&nbsp;AfSIS, CIALCA,&nbsp;CocoaSoils,&nbsp;CSISA,&nbsp;N2Africa,&nbsp;and&nbsp;TAMASA&nbsp;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xiv</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xv</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xvi</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xvii</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xviii</span>;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xix</span>.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Assessment of&nbsp;<strong>national and regional priorities</strong>&nbsp;supports&nbsp;productivity improvement through efficient use of land, soil, and water resources,&nbsp;with a focus on&nbsp;reversing natural resource degradation,&nbsp;climate&nbsp;adaptation, and&nbsp;digital service provision&nbsp;[<a href="https://bit.ly/39Hi9wM" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(225, 227, 230);"><strong>EiA_Regional&nbsp;Priority_report_2021</strong></a>].&nbsp;EiA&nbsp;also&nbsp;aligns with&nbsp;priorities&nbsp;of&nbsp;<strong>key funders</strong>&nbsp;xiv;<span style="background-color: inherit;">xx</span>, and&nbsp;is&nbsp;responding to interests from other One CGIAR Initiatives and ARIs&nbsp;[<a href="https://bit.ly/3EVuWu8" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);"><strong>EiA_Interactions_Other_Initiatives_2021</strong></a><strong style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);">;&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://bit.ly/3lZFjEx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);"><strong>EiA_Cooperation_with_ARIs</strong></a>].&nbsp;</p>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jan 1, 2022 → Dec 31, 2024

Coverage

Nepal

<p class="ql-align-justify">Smallholder&nbsp;farmers, especially women and disadvantaged groups, are&nbsp;particularly&nbsp;vulnerable to climate-related and other challenges,&nbsp;compromising&nbsp;their ability to meet their own food, nutrition, and income needs, much less contribute to local and national food security.&nbsp;More frequent and&nbsp;severe droughts&nbsp;and erratic rainfall&nbsp;due to climate change&nbsp;threaten agricultural production. Due to&nbsp;inadequate&nbsp;seed supply and&nbsp;delivery&nbsp;systems misaligned with user and market demand, smallholders use ‘old’ varieties or recycle seed, leaving them&nbsp;more&nbsp;vulnerable to pests and diseases<span style="background-color: inherit;">i</span>.&nbsp;Productivity varies by gender,&nbsp;with&nbsp;these&nbsp;challenges disproportionately affecting&nbsp;women<span style="background-color: inherit;">ii</span>.&nbsp;Until gender disparities in access to information, technologies, markets and other opportunities are addressed, efforts to realize agriculture’s potential to sustainably achieve food, nutrition&nbsp;and income security will have limited impact.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">With increasing population&nbsp;and climate&nbsp;pressure, inclusive and climate-smart intensification of food production is urgently needed&nbsp;for&nbsp;One CGIAR and partners to deliver&nbsp;in&nbsp;key&nbsp;impact areas—nutrition, poverty, gender, climate, and environment—and the second Sustainable Development Goal: Zero Hunger by 2030.&nbsp;Improved varieties,&nbsp;innovations,&nbsp;and approaches&nbsp;developed&nbsp;and promoted&nbsp;by&nbsp;CGIAR&nbsp;and partners have potential,&nbsp;when contextualized&nbsp;considering&nbsp;social, economic and political factors,&nbsp;to transform agri-food systems and reduce yield gaps,&nbsp;‘hunger&nbsp;months,’&nbsp;and other disparities.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;limited access&nbsp;to&nbsp;and use&nbsp;of&nbsp;affordable,&nbsp;quality seed of well adapted varieties&nbsp;with&nbsp;desired&nbsp;traits&nbsp;remains a bottleneck.&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">Achieving&nbsp;One CGIAR’s&nbsp;goals&nbsp;requires&nbsp;a long-term, end-to-end&nbsp;investment in CGIAR breeding driven by market intelligence, supported by partnerships&nbsp;that deliver&nbsp;genetic gains&nbsp;equitably&nbsp;in&nbsp;farmers’ fields.&nbsp;This&nbsp;requires&nbsp;enabling policy environments&nbsp;incentivizing&nbsp;varietal turnover and quality seed use<span style="background-color: inherit;">iii</span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;integrating and leveraging&nbsp;formal and informal seed systems to the benefit of all.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">&nbsp;</p><p class="ql-align-justify">To this end,&nbsp;SeEdQUAL will build on decades of work on seed systems by CGIAR and partners,&nbsp;and&nbsp;leverage&nbsp;synergies&nbsp;as governments<span style="background-color: inherit;">iv</span>, breeders, funders<span style="background-color: inherit;">v</span>,&nbsp;and communities recognize the need to accelerate&nbsp;demand-driven&nbsp;seed system development and reach farmers at the last mile.&nbsp;Success hinges on&nbsp;better&nbsp;understanding and&nbsp;responding&nbsp;to seed user&nbsp;demands,&nbsp;including women and young&nbsp;farmers,&nbsp;and&nbsp;value chain actors&nbsp;specializing&nbsp;in niche markets with high potential.&nbsp;Seed systems that respond dynamically to such opportunities&nbsp;and deploy&nbsp;innovative methods (e.g.&nbsp;ICT tools) and aligned approaches (EGS production and policies)&nbsp;will&nbsp;increase&nbsp;and expand&nbsp;the benefits of seed access and use, especially for disadvantaged groups.&nbsp;SeEdQUAL,&nbsp;together with key innovation, delivery and scaling partners, will&nbsp;develop and promote&nbsp;new&nbsp;technology solutions, more effective business models, and policy reforms to create sustainable and inclusive seed systems.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p>

Organization

ICRC Nepal

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jan 1, 2022 → Dec 31, 2024

Coverage

Nepal

Pangolins are the worlds most trafficked animal, with estimates of more than a million animals removed from the wild over the past decade. The critically endangered Chinese pangolin has experienced population declines of up to 90% in the past 20 years due to poaching and the illegal wildlife trade. Pangolin poaching and trafficking is perpetuated by a lack of capacity of government authorities to successfully prosecute pangolin poaching and trafficking cases.To address this gap and counter the illegal trade of Indian and Chinese pangolins in Nepal, this one-year grant will support: development of an electronic wildlife crime database to strengthen analyses of poaching and trafficking trends in three provinces in Nepal; development of blueprint guidelines and train-the-trainer training for investigation officers on gathering and managing evidence, robust chain of custody processes, case building, and reporting; development of training modules and reference documents on wildlife crime, relevant laws, and impacts of poaching on pangolins; and training of 75 judiciary staff to increase their capacity to implement and enforce pangolin-related laws in Nepal.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 86K

Timeline

Oct 1, 2017 → Sep 30, 2019

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to, (1) generate a greater understanding of rhinoceros horn trafficking supply chains in China and produce actionable intelligence on online traders, and, (2) enhance capacity for effective enforcement of online trade in rhinoceros horn in China.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Sep 19, 2017 → Sep 30, 2019

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to, (1) Develop community level trainers on human-tiger coexistence at specific corridors, and, (2) Scale up and intensify community education and outreach programs to increase the tolerance level of local community toward tigers. Project will support train-the-trainers programs for teachers, community members, and community outreach, as well as develop human-tiger coexistence programs for the radio.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 50K

Timeline

Sep 8, 2017 → Sep 30, 2019

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to eradicate the threat of poaching beginning with four critical protected areas, by (1) supporting the National Census to establish new baselines for tiger populations, and, (2) building capacity with technological support to increase the detection of crimes, identification and prosecution of criminals and, ultimately, reduce illegal activities.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 71K

Timeline

Jul 2, 2017 → Sep 30, 2020

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to counter wildlife trafficking in Nepal

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Oct 1, 2017 → Sep 30, 2019

Coverage

Nepal

The goal of this project is to reduce human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Nepal through training of trainers programs in landscapes where humans and wild Asian elephants coexist, targeting educators and local communities. Project activities include: 1) identify and train at least 120 educators in effective preventative and practical human-elephant coexistence techniques in three training workshops; 2) print and provide education materials for multiple age groups and literacy levels; 3) employ recently trained educators to conduct 15 awareness programs for students and communities in high HEC areas; and 4) evaluate the impacts of the program through personal interviews, online discussion groups, and inviting trainees to join an Educator Network. This project will contribute to the conservation of Asian elephants in Nepal by reducing HEC through facilitating attitudinal changes among residents of this region. This award is provisionally approved for two phases or years funding, with each phase or year's funding dependent upon performance and financial management of the previous phase or year, meeting technical and financial reporting requirements, and availability of ASECF funds.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 27K

Timeline

Jul 5, 2017 → Sep 30, 2019

Coverage

Nepal

In partnership with National Trust for Nature Conservation. The purpose of this project is to reduce grazing pressure, develop community ownership of tiger conservation and scientific monitoring of tigers and their prey base. The project has the following objectives: (1) Reduce grazing pressure in SWR through improved breeds of livestock, management of unproductive livestock, promotion of stall feeding and other income generation activities; (2) Strengthen community engagement for tiger conservation in SWR; (3) Monitor tiger populations and their prey base.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 60K

Timeline

Sep 6, 2016 → Sep 30, 2018

Coverage

Nepal

Strengthening human elephant co-existence through community education and outreach programs in the western Terai Landscape, Nepal

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 48K

Timeline

Jun 3, 2016 → Sep 30, 2016

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to combat wildlife crime in Nepal by building the capacity of Nepal Police and other key stakeholders. Grantee will develop a wildlife identification manual and curriculum for training Nepal police staff to address wildlife crime, select and train 20 proficient trainers to build police capacity to control crime, and build regional law enforecement agencies' capacity to identify and investigate wildlife crime.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 48K

Timeline

Jul 28, 2015 → Sep 30, 2017

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to combat wildlife crime in Nepal by building the capacity of Nepal Police and other key stakeholders. Grantee will develop a wildlife identification manual and curriculum for training Nepal police staff to address wildlife crime, select and train 20 proficient trainers to build police capacity to control crime, and build regional law enforcement agencies capacity to identify and investigate wildlife crime.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jul 28, 2015 → Sep 30, 2018

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to reduce illegal trafficking in wildlife products, particularly for rhinos and tigers. Project will provide support for training of Customs personnel on Nepal-lndia and Nepal-China border crossings and improve capacity for investigating potential wildlife trafficking incidents and building wildlife trafficking prosecution cases, and improved relationships and commitment among border Customs officials will lead to better interdictions of wildlife products on those border crossings. Training will also be provided on building wildlife trafficking prosecution cases between key customs personnel and wildlife crime law enforcement personnel, including criminal investigators and prosecutors from Nepal, China and India, and relationships strengthened between these key Customs personnel and wildlife crime law enforcement personnel from Nepal, China and India.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 50K

Timeline

Mar 31, 2017 → Sep 30, 2018

Coverage

Nepal

This project will intensify conservation initiatives of snow leopards in the Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA) with a primary focus on strengthening community engagement to reduce retaliatory killings and poaching of the leopard. Specific activities include: (1) strengthening community engagement on snow leopard conservation by forming community based snow leopard conservation committees, developing a community based leopard monitoring system, conducting education and awareness camps, and setting up a community based compensation system for livestock damage; (2) establishing a baseline database and developing a human-snow leopard conflict management action plan.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 25K

Timeline

Aug 22, 2014 → Sep 30, 2015

Coverage

Nepal

Pahunch is an innovative 4-year implemented by Search for Common Ground (SFCG), in partnership with the Centre for Legal Research Resource Development (CeLRRd), Human Rights and Community Development Academy Nepal (HUCODAN), and Centre for Security and Justice Studies (CSJS). The program aims to improve security and access to justice for poor and marginalised communities, specifically women, in Nepal.

Organization

Search for Common Ground

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jan 1, 2015 → Dec 31, 2018

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to build a community grain storage house that secures the grain of local farmers from crop raiding elephants. By safeguarding grain, the project will help to decrease incidences of human-elephant conflict (HEC), reduce retaliatory killings and foster a more positive attitude toward wild elephants among local communities. The grain storage house will minimize the probability of elephant visits to the villages, thereby reducing the chances of human casualties and injuries. The project will engage the Shreeramnagar Buffer Zone User Committee (BZUC), which falls under Neulapur VDC, and establish a mechanism to manage the community grain storage house in the long term.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 45K

Timeline

May 29, 2014 → Jun 30, 2016

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to minimize human-elephant conflict (HEC) through scientific management and community engagement with awareness programs with alternative livelihood options, operationalize rapid response team to deal with HEC incidents and conduct human elephant co-existence (HECx) related awareness activities. The HEC strategy document for Barida NP will be developed.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 12K

Timeline

May 28, 2014 → Jun 30, 2016

Coverage

Nepal

Human-Elephant Conflict Mitigation: A Multi-Pronged Strategy in Bahundangi Village, Eastern.Nepal

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 50K

Timeline

Sep 3, 2012 → Sep 3, 2014

Coverage

Nepal

Curailing Retributive Killing of Snow Leopards in Nepal by Predator-proofing Corrals.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Aug 31, 2012 → Nov 30, 2013

Coverage

Nepal

Curailing Retributive Killing of Snow Leopards in Nepal by Predator-proofing Corrals.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 25K

Timeline

Aug 31, 2012 → Nov 30, 2013

Coverage

Nepal

The purpose of this project is to estimate the population size, genetic structure, and gene flow of elephant herds in western Nepal. Specifically, applicant will use direct field observations of elephants, mark-recapture analysis, household surveys, and DNA genotyping to accomplish these goals and objectives.

Organization

Department of the Interior

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Feb 23, 2016 → Sep 30, 2016

Coverage

Nepal

The Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries (CBI) aims to boost the competitiveness of exporters in developing countries so that they have easier access to the European market. CBI supports producers and exporters to get a foothold on the market in Europe, Business Support Organisations in improving their capabilities and to act as a Matchmaker between suppliers and buyers. The projects under this programme were implemented in the period 2013 - 2018.

Organization

Netherlands Enterprise Agency

Budget

USD 0

Timeline

Jan 1, 2013 → Dec 31, 2019

Coverage

Nepal

Volunteer safety and security costs in Nepal directly associated with Volunteer and staff safety (preparedness and training), and the physical security of Peace Corps-leased properties. Includes guard services, security staff, security-related travel, supplies, equipment, physical property upgrades, and the Office of Safety and Security.

Organization

Peace Corps

Budget

USD 9K

Timeline

Oct 1, 2022 → Sep 30, 2023

Coverage

Nepal

All costs incurred for pre-Service training of volunteers in Nepal including pre-service training in the U.S., pre-departure staging costs, and pre-service training overseas.

Organization

Peace Corps

Budget

USD 87K

Timeline

Oct 1, 2022 → Sep 30, 2023

Coverage

Nepal